Cultures of Consumption Course Blog
Welcome to the course blog for "Cultures of Consumption" at Rutgers University in the Fall 2011 Semester.
Course Description
This course aims to examine the development of mass society, mass production, consumption and the American consumer from the late 19th century to the present. Areas considered may include industrialization and the development of work in relation to leisure, Worlds Fairs, the development of the advertising industry, the impact of American suburbanization on consumer behavior, television, technology, shopping, mass production and consumption.
Course Instructor: Matthew Ferguson, Department of American Studies - Rutgers University
Sunday, March 16, 2014
Friday, December 9, 2011
A Sensory Overload
After taking a seat and reflecting on just how far marketing has reached in manipulation, the realization I came to was simply disturbing. Now, everyone is used to being bombarded by visual stimulus in advertising all the time so much that visual advertising has become ineffective; “Studies have shown that the more stimulated we are, the harder it [simply is] to catch our attention” (Lindstrom 142). Because we are so visually over-stimulated, our awareness and defenses against visual marketing are at an all time high. So, why would I be so disturbed on the topic of advertising? It’s because I’m disturbed by the advertisement that we are being bombarded by on the subliminal level. The idea of “Sensory Branding” which involves not just presenting a visual advertisement, but coupling that with the “pumping of fragrances into our nostrils and music into our ears as well” (Lindstrom 143).
The notion that Sensory Branding is at work seems unfamiliar at the offset, but it at the most basic levels it’s easy to find anywhere when you look for it Now, cutting aside more obvious examples, I would like to point out one place where Sensory Branding reigns supreme. That place is Barnes & Nobles. As a student I like to study there. Now why am I more likely to study there than I am at the school or public library? I mean, logically speaking everything at Barnes & Nobles costs money and libraries are bound to be equipped better with books that might help in my studies. So, It makes no sense …until you think of the atmosphere. At any library it’s generally quiet with a dreary setting. At Barnes & Nobles it is completely the opposite. The setting is a bookstore with a Starbucks Café to sit in. What this consists of is an experienced jam packed full of visually enticing Baked goods, the aromas of various coffees and baked goods spread around all coupled with a great mix of calming music to you feel at home. Some obvious advertising cues might be the smell of coffee or the sight of the café as “Of all our senses, smell is the most primal, the most deeply rooted. When we smell something, the odor receptors in our nose make an unimpeded beeline to our limbic system, which controls our emotions, memories, and sense of well being. As a result our gut response is instantaneous”(Lindstrom 147). We have no control over our sense of smell, and sometimes it can and will dictate what we buy, in this case it might be that triple chocolate cookie with a coffee; a cookie that you probably had no intention of initially buying. It is obvious that smell sells, and we are generally unable to control this as smell is most primal of senses, but I wouldn’t deem it the only thing to watch out for. Another form of sensory branding that seems dangerous is sound branding in the music which creates an ambiance of a café in the store. “Sound s trigger strong associations and emotions and can exert a powerful influence on our behavior” (Lindstrom 159). It may seem preposterous, but they infiltrate every level of our subconscious, evoking strong associations with the café setting at B&N. Whether it is a smell which might affect our appetite or music which makes an illusion of a café, the simple fact of the matter is that we are being assailed on every front by Sensory Branding. What Barnes and Nobles has created is not just a book store or a café to sell products, but they have created a unique setting full of Sensory Branding designed to keep a customer there for as long as possible, which will consequently boost sales. In conclusion, I want to say in an age where books are becoming extinct in place of E-Books and where even their competitor Borders has bankrupted, how does Barnes & Nobles stand strong? It obviously isn’t just the sales of books that keep this giant bookstore chain open.
Monday, December 5, 2011
Free Blog
We The People
One thing that I never understood was the consistant use of tobacco and cigarette use after millions of studies have come out about how bad they are for you and the damages that they leave you with. I think its safe to say that in the past we all have seen ads for cigarettes in magazines or in store fronts where they show pictures that have nothing to do with smoking. It could be a couple laughing at a picnic and be an ad for Morlboro. The health risks are prevalant and the way they trigger the brain to want to have one is shown in the reading in buy-ology. It was discussed in the reading that the health labels that millions of dollars were spent on trying to warn people who use, and send a signal about what can actually happen to you if you keep smoking. Through the study that was presented, the label only wanted people to smoke more when they saw it subconsciously. The warning set off a buzzard in their heads. Dr. Calvert stated that "cigarette warnings - whether they informed smokers they were at risk of contracting emphysema, heart disease, or a host of other chronic conditions- had in fact stimulated an area of the smokers brain called the nucleus accubens aka the craving spot"( Lindstrom). This quote shows how the labels do not have an affect on the smokers brain in any good way. This leads me to say that this is just not happening in smoking prevention. We are controlled by companies through ways that we do not even understand as consumers. It is as technical as bringing in a 4 million dollar machiene to analize brain activity which was discussed in the reading. Every little part of selling you something or triggering a thought in your brain is thought out before by companies in order to have you buy their product. In my option, this will not change until more people are aware of how much a grip consumer america actually has on us.
Kirill Kushensky's Blog: Buying to Waste
Kirill Kushensky section 01
Sunday, December 4, 2011
Be careful this year christmas shopping.
I thought this was an interesting read, people getting pepper sprayed over video games. Consumerism gone violent.
Friday, December 2, 2011
Sex and Beauty in Advertising
CA Blog: Scatch & Sniff
CA Blog: Scratch & Sniff
Pay close attention to your next visit at a hotel, or the next time you are shopping. You are surrounded with flashy advertisements and all different sounds. For just a second, close your eyes, put some cotton in your ears, and take a strong sniff of the air around you. Out of our five senses, the nose is the only one that is directly connected to reach our memory and grasp our emotions. “…Clearly, smell is very closely tied to how we experience brands or products” (Lindstrom, 2008, p.151). Ever grab the aroma that forces you in the door, or makes you crave something? Well, that is your right priform cortex and the amygdala (which in codes emotional relevance) trigging as well as activating your desire. This happens when we are exposed to combinations that seem to go together. On the occasion a pleasurable fragrance complements an equally alluring visual image, “…we not only perceive it as more pleasant, we’re also more likely to remember it, but if the two are incongruous, forget about it. Literally” (Lindstrom, 2008, 145). “…To fully engage us emotionally, companies are discovering, they’d be better off not just inundating us with logos, but pumping fragrances into our nostrils” (Lindstrom, 2008, p.143). The purpose behind sensory branding is to intensify a relationship with a company’s brand, or product. One method company’s are using is the placement of dry vapor sprays into ventilation units. The author of buy-ology, Martin Lindstrom, uses a great example of sensory branding. When at a fast food restaurant, you may have intentions of ordering a healthy salad, but your mind is changed when you smell “…the triple-bacon cheeseburger with a side of large fries” (Lindstrom, 2008, p.148). Do not be fooled by this scent, it is not actually the food you smell, instead the restaurant is pumping a spray into the vents, called “…RTX9338PJS-code name for the “just-cooked-bacon-cheeseburger-like-fragrance” (Lindstrom, 2008, p.148). A study conducted by Doctor Calvert, explained when smelling and seeing something we like simultaneously, “…various regions of our brains light up in concert” (Lindstrom, 2008, p.144). When we grasp the aroma of something, our odor receptors take a journey to our limbic system. Our limbic systems power our emotions, memories and a sense of well-being. Surprisingly this “aroma” has been around for a while, starting with real estate brokers trying to sell homes. Real estate brokers would bake cookies in the oven for open houses or viewings of the properties. This was used to give the sense of comfort and the coziness of being at home. Companies will continue to use sensory branding for their consumers to tie a particular scent with a product. Question is next time will you be so easily lured by scents of candles, jasmine in hotels, rosewood in new cars, or fresh baked goods? So, be aware as you are wandering around because it may not be the magazine advertisement that drives you to buy a product, but the scent under the tab of the fragrance.
-Donna Lee Fricano
Section 80
Friday, November 25, 2011
Racism in Society
Martin Lindstrom in Buyology first dives into the concept of subliminal messaging in Advertising. He brings up examples in all sorts of industries. The one that strikes me the most was in politics where deliberate racial messages are thrust upon us and it seems that very few even cared. Lindstrom writes “Corker and the Republican National Committee produced an ad in which every time the narrator talked about Ford, African tom-tom drums beat, just barely audible, in the background. The kicker lay in the final words: ‘Harold Ford: He’s Just Not Right.’ One could infer that what the Republican National Committee actually meant was ‘he’s just not white’“ (p. 75). We have given up on fighting for rights on advertising, but why? Why do we allow commercials be fundamentally racist and not think through the consequences on Society? For example, a company recently posted an ad on a billboard selling their vodka. The ad read, “Christmas quality, Hanukkah pricing. The billboard was quickly torn down because of its obvious inappropriateness.
This is what the normal should be. We should fight ads like these from even being considered. To do this, we need to enlighten our educational system. We have learned repeatedly, and I have even had to write multiple papers on the Holocaust and Anti-Semitism. I think it is safe to say that one would be able to understand when anything is Anti-Semitic. However, because of our inexplicable national avoidance to discussing slavery and the abuse of African Americans and Black Americans in our society during our schooling, we have not been as critical to racism as we are to the openly discussed Anti-Semitism in Germany.
It should be noted that, yes, there are attacks on sayings and mentions that are racist, but these attacks are on people that are blatantly racist such as Mel Gibson or Kramer from Seinfeld. However, what about the racism that is in our high school textbooks. The lack of a complete, analytical view of our founding fathers, and those that have followed their example. There are racial motives in every institution that we observe today including museums, schools, the DMV. Nevertheless, perhaps it is all just ritual.
We are for the most part, subliminally racist. The messages we send to our children and the future are clearly not thought out completely. Lindstrom writes, “In an increasingly standardized, sterilized, homogenous world… rituals help us differentiate one brand from another. And once we find a ritual or brand we like, isn’t there a lot of comfort in having a particular blend of coffee to brew every morning, a signature shampoo with a familiar smell, or a favorite make of running sneaker we buy year after year?” These things make us feel comfortable. It is comfortable for the majority of people to associate black clothing with “the bad guy” as Moore describes in an article in a book titled Beyond Heroes and Holidays. When the next time you are shopping, it is important to look through the ritual of the product, you are buying and instead evaluate the subliminal messages being processed.
CA Blog: Somatic Markers
So what really makes us choose one brand over the other? To be quite frank, there are various ways our brains relate when choosing from the numerous brands we see. Somatic markers could come from childhood memories good or bad. Let’s take for example as a child perhaps your parents used Folgers coffee when you were younger and in direct correlation as an adult you chose Folgers as your coffee to use. Not only do childhood memories play a role within the world of somatic markings but advertisers play a critical role within somatic markers also; let`s take the example of Folgers coffee again. Within the Folgers commercial they play a catchy slogan, “The best part of waking up is Folgers in your cup” which could be replaying in your head over and over, catchy right? That playful tune that’s played on the commercial becomes stuck in our head, as we head down the aisle to pick some coffee up, that catchy slogan comes to the top of our heads once we see Folgers brand, thus helping the consumer choose that brand to purchase! The overall goal for advertisers is to have the consumer chose their brand over the hundreds of thousands of other brands out in the market, using somatic markers helps the consumer distinguish one brand from the other. Whether it is a memory we rely on, a funny commercial, a catchy slogan, or something that celebrities and our friends have, advertisement creates these markings that fuel consumers to buy their brands.
We normally do not think about what drives us to buy the specific brands that we purchase. My reasoning’s for buying the brands that I have is usually because I`ve seen commercials for it, my friends have it, or it is something new and I want to try it. So I ask you, could you think of reasons why you chose the brands that you buy?
Thursday, November 24, 2011
Pavlov's Blog
Saturday, November 19, 2011
Free Blog!
http://www.addicted.com/addiction-resources/self-tests/shopping-addiction-quiz
Friday, November 18, 2011
CA; Mirror Neurons + Dopamine, The One Two Punch!
You walk in to your favorite clothing store with the intent to simply browse. As you enter the establishment, your senses are immediately infiltrated. The strong fragrance of the latest cologne creeps up your nose. The blaring hipster music puts you in a trance as your eyes peer over the good looking and trend setting workers that are scattered about the store. You begin to lose touch of reality as your adrenaline kicks in. You want to be just like the models plastered all over the walls and you can be! All you need to do is buy the clothes they have and you can become who you always wanted to be! As you justify your purchases and leave the store with a migraine, you being to scan your bag for the things you just carelessly purchased. How in the world am I going to pay for this? And what the hell am I doing with a sweater vest?...
That’s advertising at its finest, exposing the weak parts of your brain and capitalizing on it. As we learned in the book Buy-ology by Martin Lindstrom, the mirror neurons in our brain were set off by what we saw in the clothing store. “Everything we observe someone else doing, we do as well in our minds”(58). As the example above spotted the workers in the store and the pictures of models plastered all over the walls, he/she wanted to become that. The mirror neurons overrode their rational thinking and caused them to unconsciously imitate and purchase what was in front of them (60). Once the dopamine set in, the euphoric feeling caused a lapse in judgment and the example ended up making purchases they did not necessarily need nor want. They would eventually come to realize this when the high wore off and the feeling subsided.
So what can we do to block the one, two punch advertisers constantly throw at us? How can we gauge what we buy and stick to purchases that we truly want? Well for one, it is only going to get harder. The future of advertising will continue to capitalize on our mirror neurons in new and inventive ways; we won’t even have time to defend ourselves. Our best defense is knowing what to expect when we enter a store (marketing strategies, etc). It is also smart for us to shop with “clear minds” so that we are focused and determined on what we are seeking. This can avoid those purchases where you are “on the fence” about a particular item but end up buying it anyway because you believe in the future your mind will change. Knowing is half the battle and I believe if we educate ourselves properly we can ward off the corporations who will subconsciously try to control our minds and wallets.
Jason Maranzino - Section 80